They media sector i have chosen to talk about it TV. I have chosen TV because I believe they will be a lot to talk about within the employment opportunities.
In order to create a successful TV programme, you have to have a a team of enthusiastic hard-working people, who are determined to do the best they can. Showing their experience and dedication to their job. This would be down to the 'production' team. The producer is the head of the TV production team. The producer is the one who starts off process of creating a TV show, they then go about getting the money to make the show and selecting all the right production personnel to create the team for this TV show. The producer selects the writer and the technical team along with the assistant director. The director works closely with the producer, and is responsible for for staging the show and directing the performer and technical crew. The exact role depends on the role of the show and the way it is made.(Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.)
In the TV industry, most workers are freelancers. According to (Wikipedia, 2016) a freelancers someone who works for themselves and not always for a company. They don't work log-term and only work when a job comes up that they are interested in. According to (Baylis, 2010) 89% of employers in the TV industry are freelancers. Only 11% of employers in the industry are permanent and contracted employers.
TV drama director.
The director of a television drama will cast the actors, and direct them on set. This job means that you have responsibility of creating the overall look of the TV programme. They do this by working closely with the camera crew. To be a director, you need to be up for creating an enthusiastic and dynamic relationship with number of people on set. Good communication is the key to being successful in this job role. To be a director, you need to make sure you know exactly hat you want the certain shot to look like and be able to communicate with the actors and camera crew to tell them what you want them to do and want it to look like. When being the director, you will also supervise in the editing stages and select the music and work closely with the production manager to make sure the programme is the highest possible quality for TV broadcasters. (Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.) The hours of this job can be variable, for instance if no job comes up, then you don't work. (Nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk, 2016)
TV studio director
The main job for a tv studio director is to direct a multi-camera studio set-up. This involves creating the camera script, rehearsing front of camera talent and some involvement with the content and look of the show. They work closely with the TV drama director. A studio show may go live, or be recorded as live, so the director's job is crucial on the day of recording. (Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.) This job is also variable, as there isn't anything for you to do if there is no shoot being made at that one time. You only work when a job comes up that you have been asked to work in. Sort of like an on call job, where you get asked to come in and work if a place comes up where they need you.
Factual programme director
Documentaries and factual programmes are mostly produced and directed by the same person. This isn't just a cost-cutting development. Modern digital equipment has mean that the time that a programme takes in production is reduced. One person doing both jobs can be in a better position to make fast decisions rather than having to agree with other people. This also means they can take quick action when working with a small team on location. More independent companies are making mainstream programmes. This allows specialist programme makers to create their own style of programme They offer the networks reasonably priced factual or reality programming. An example of these would be all the programmes about relocating to somewhere sunny abroad, Eg. A place in the sun home or away or a place in the country.(Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.) This job you can find on a number of sites and is to work full time.
Production assistant
The production assistant, also known as the PA works closely with the producer and the director on the paper-work for all types of production. The PA is nearly always a woman and she is a formidable communicator, and an essential part of every production. She will always work on the shooting schedule and will set up filming and genuinely involved in the day-to-day activities of the production team. You could say that the PA is the secretary of the production team. If involved in a factual programme production team, they would sort out all of the fights, books, hotels, hire cars and deals with the budget of the production. When filming a drama programme, the PA is more specialised and would be responsible for drawing up a comprehensively marked-up editing script after each days shoot. They have a big job on their hands and must be dedicated to do it. (Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.) You can be a production assistant either full time or part time, whatever you would like to do best would suite you.
Production manager
The production manager is in charge of resources for a production and is answerable to the producer. They will always work closely with the director if the production and is an essential part of production. They're job is important in producing a drama series. Before any of the filming begins, you need to be able to budget and schedule complex activities and always aim to spend the least amount of money as possible. The responsibilities of a production manager are very large, they are expected to manage the locations, scheduling the film crew, negotiating daily rates and terms of technical contracts. They are also responsible for the health and safety and insurance of the set and people on the set. As well as all this, they are responsible for arranging technical facilities. This means getting the crew, the actors and everyone else to turn up at the right time in the right place. The production manager has t be able to think on they're feet so that if any crew member falls ill, or if it starts to rain, they can sort something out as quickly as possible in order to keep the production running. This could be finding someone else to do the job, or starting a new part of filming that is indoors and is not effected by the rain. (Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.) When you are a production manager, you do not work 9-5 hours. You may have to work shifts and unsocial hours, especially in the early stages of your career. Sometimes you will have to work extended hours, particularly if there are tight deadlines to be met or new systems to be introduced. On weekends you can be on call or even on public holidays to deal with some problems. (Prospects.ac.uk, 2016)
Researcher
A researcher in the television industry is often the first production job for a new recruit into the business. The researcher is a demanding and absorbing job that requires a number of skills. To be a good researcher you must be good with other people, be able to come up with amazing ideas for a programme, and have an excellent organisational skills. This job as a researcher is not as simple as you would think. For example, when creating a factual programme, their main job is to find someone who is actually willing to be part of the factual programme otherwise there wouldn't be one. To be successful you need to be able to persuade anyone to be part of the programme. (Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.) This can be an extremely difficult job to do so you have to make sure you are definitely up for it and dedicated to your responsibilities.
Runner
A runner is a job in the TV industry like all other jobs. The runner works with the production manager on set and 'runs' for anything that is needed. Most people who work as a runner or any other employer in the industry say that it is the best way to learn the business. This is because you see everything that is happening on set and you know what is used and what is needed when filming. The only problem is that you do not see the how the production is set up in preproduction, or the editing stages in post-production. If you were looking for work experience in the media industry, this job would be a great one to sign up for. (Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.)
Assistant producer
This job means that you have to work well and closely to the producer. The assistant producer on a factual programme series is often the director and researcher and even the editor. They will research and set up a story, shoot it, edit it, and then finalise the graphics and music in post-production. On a studio-based programme, the assistant producer is often the studio director. Companies such as the BBC employ assistant producers because they are able to do a number of different jobs that they may need on set. To be an assistant producer, you need to have a number of skills and be experienced in the television business. You may gain these skills in work experience that you have done previously. If you were looking for a job in the TV sector and for a large company, then this is the job to aim towards. (Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.)
Assistant director
Assistant directors are also known as AD's and these are usually found on drama shoots. There isn't just one AD but a number of them. The first AD is the closest to assistant producer and is a very important part of the shooting. They do most if not all of the organisational work on shoot and can line up shots, set up locations, supervise rehearsals and be responsible for the actors. The first AD is assisted by the second AD and then the third, and if a large shoot is being created, then even a fourth AD is introduced. Each one of these A's has a specific job to their name. The third AD is is responsible for the extras. By this i mean marshaling large crowds or making sure a few extras are in exactly the right place for a shoot. If you are training in the industry then the fourth AD would be a good job for you as they usually are there to help out the third when they need it. (Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.)
Production executives
All large companies in the TV industry will have an executive producer. This person is the one who originally commissioned the programme and has sanctioned the budget. The executive producer also known as the EP is not really found on set. However the EP has a very important role as they set up the show. In TV the EP will usually work on something such as a documentary, normally aimed at young people. They would also work on; reality TV, arts, current affairs or science. The EP has a certain number of shows to plan and is always the one to look for new talent. (Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.)
Technical Jobs in the TV industry
Lighting cameraperson
The lighting cameraperson is usually known as the DOP, which stands for director of photography and is a supervising cameraman who works with the director to achieve a distinctive 'look' for a production. The DOP is in charge of all technical crew on location set. When a large production is being shot, the DOP works with the chief electrician and supervise the team of electricians. They will help them to set up all lighting for the scenes that are up coming. Lighting for a shot is very important as you do not want to cast any shadows on set as you want to make the set or scene look the best it can. The DOP also works with the camera operator to chose the correct lens for the camera and shoot and to find the most suitable tripod, steadicam or any lens filters for a scene. This job is very important and requires a large number of skills and responsibilities. You have a lot to cover when you are a lighting cameraperson. You have to be dedicated to the job and know exactly what your doing for each. (Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.)
Camera assistant
Being a camera assistant is a great job if you want to learn the skills of being a goof camera operator. The camera assistant makes sure all the batteries are charged, loads and label tapes or discs, and sets up the camera with the correct time code at the beginning of the shooting day. The camera assistant can also be responsible for focusing the camera on shoot and often carries a lot of the equipment such as the tripod, lenses and batteries. (Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.)
Sound recordist
When you are the sound recordist you are in charge of recording the location sound. When recording for television they will use a small portable sound mixer that receives the output from microphones, this could be by wires or radio link. When the sound is being recorded, it goes onto a digital tape or disc in the camera. Television programmes are recorded in stereo. You have a lot of jobs when you are the sound recordist and aren't just responsible for the sound quality, but also ensures that there is no overlapping sound, things such as voices talking in the background or over each other. The aim of the sound recordist is to deliver a clean uncluttered sound to the editor for them to then edit the sound into the edit. (Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.)
Sound assistant
The sound assistant works with the sound recordist when setting up the microphones, operating sound equipment in the TV studio and sound gallery. They also hold the boom mic on location of the shoot. To be good at this job you have to have a lot of knowledge on microphones and this would be a greta first job in the industry. (Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.)
Gaffer
The gaffer is the name given to the chief electrician. This person on shoot is responsible for all the other electricians. This could be the ones who operate the lights, or lighting equipment. They work with the DOP to light a scene on shoot. Any gaffer who is working on scene could be training to qualify or already fully qualified electricians. (Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.)
Grip
The grip is a member of the camera crew on set. They usually work with the DOP or lighting camera operator. The gips main function is to set up the camera dolly and lay the track for the dolly. The grip will also be responsible for using the dolly, for example moving it across the track smoothly but also require speed to the dolly. They have to make sure they stop at exactly the right point and require a lot of skills in order to get this perfect for the scene they are filming. To be able to be grip you have to have a lot of knowledge of cameras and camera equipment. (Bignell and Orlebar, n.d.)
Line producer
The line producer is responsible for managing and coordinating the production. Managing human, technical and financial resources efficiently. They have an important job just like any other in the TV industry and have a number of responsibilities to deal with. Making sure everything they do is done correctly. (Baylis, 2010)
Editor
The editor is the person who completes the TV show. They are responsible for completing the production as a sequence of shots. These shots are what have been filmed on location to make the actual TV show. They are also responsible for thew dialogue, sound effects and graphics. Overall the editor is responsible for finishing the TV programme ready for it to be put out there. They need to make sure that they get all sound effects correctly to make sure the audience understand what is going on, and they have to get all the scenes in the correct order. They produce the final TV show. (Baylis, 2010)
Floor manager
The floor manager in TV production liaison between the director and the studio floor. They are responsible for; managing the studio, managing the cast and crew, also the audience and all fire and safety precautions. The floor manager has a very big job on their hands as they have to make sure they gert all information correct as they do not want to be sending the wrong messages between floor and director. They also need to make sure that there are no hazards for fires on set or floor, then on top of all this, make sure that all people involved are safe. They have to think ahead and know what to do if something goes wrong or someone is hurt etc. (Baylis, 2010)
Designer
The designer is responsible for the art department in production. This means they are in charge of all designs, such as the sets that need to be built and think about all the props that have to be used as well as hair and makeup for any actors in the shoot. Finally what costumes everyone is wearing in each scene. They have a big job on their hands, making sure that everyone is wearing the correct costume for the scene that they are filming. All sets have to be built and ready in time for the shoot and have to be stable. They will have to fill out a lot of risk assessments and make sure that the sets are not going to be a danger to any of the people, (cast or crew) when filming. (Baylis, 2010)
Actor
An actor in the TV industry would use movement, sound and expression when performing. You would be a different character to yourself. This means you have to be able to be someone else and feel how they are feeling. When you go to work you are someone else, you have to fully feel the character you are playing as if it was your everyday life. Actors in drama have to believe that it is happening in their own lives. They become someone else and most of the tie, if you ask an actor about the character they play,. they know everything about them,. When you are playing a different character you have to have a back story for that character, therefore you know their age, if they have siblings, what their job is, where they live and everything personal about them.
In order to work professionally in the TV industry you need to have a lot of skills and be responsible for a number of things depending on what your job is.
If you wanted to become a TV producer, you need a number of requirements. These are things such as; a bachelors degree in Film and TV production, directing, communication or another related program. You have to have experience in related professional experience in the movie or TV industry. As well as this you have to have a number of skills, things like creativity, management and leadership abilities and networking. The salary for a TV producer would be $69,100 per year. (Study.com, 2016)
Most of the employment opportunities in the TV industry require lots of different skills and you have to make sure you are dedicated to what you want to do. The technical sides need to have experience with cameras and camera equipment.
To be a director in the TV industry you need to make sure you are able to lead a group of people. You have to have creativity and organisational skills as well as technical knowledge to manage the whole project together. (Nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk, 2016) Although there are a number of ways you can get into this business, you still have to have a lot of experience. You have to have an in depth understanding of the production process of a programme either in TV or film. It is always helpful to have a number of network industry contacts. Many professionals in the TV industry, or any other creative media sector in fact started off as a runner and made their way up the ladder to success.
Bibliography
Study.com. (2016). How to Become a TV Producer | Education and Career Roadmap. [online] Available at: http://study.com/how_to_become_a_tv_producer.html [Accessed 27 May 2016].
Prospects.ac.uk. (2016). Production manager job profile | Prospects.ac.uk. [online] Available at: https://www.prospects.ac.uk/job-profiles/production-manager [Accessed 27 May 2016].
Nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk. (2016). TV or film director job information | National Careers Service. [online] Available at: https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/tvorfilmdirector.aspx [Accessed 27 May 2016].
Dismore, J. (2010). TV : an insider's guide. Evesham, Worcs., UK: HotHive.
Tuesday, 17 May 2016
Friday, 22 April 2016
chapter 3 - understanding the regulation of the creative media sector
Understanding the regulation of the creative media sectors.
why do we use regulatory bodies?
Regulatory bodies control the mass media and are there to protect the public. They also ensure universal availability to the population, meaning all films are suitable to be shown in cinemas to the age range they have been regulated at. Regulatory bodies conform to certain rules and promote high quality of content provided as far as possible according to locally decided values and standards, with particular reference to information.
What is the BBFC?
The BBFC stands for British board of film classification. It Is an independent, non-government organisation and responsible for the classification and censorship of films and videos in the UK. The BBFC has the power to cut or reject work and was set up in 1912. The BBFC is funded by the film industry. It is responsible for making sure any films or videos are suitable to be shown to the ages that the company has said they want it to be shown too. These certifications include; U, PG, 12, 12A, 15, 18, R18.
Why are films given a certification?
The BBFC give films a classification, in order to protect children from unsuitable and even harmful content in films and videos. They give consumers information they might need about a particular film or video before deciding whether or not to view it. The BBFC examines and age rates films and videos before they are released. This independent scrutiny prior to release ensures the highest possible level of protection and empowerment.
How are film given a certification?
The BBFC watch the films and videos all the way through and award an age rating and BBFC insight to each one. They reach age ratings by applying the standards and criteria contained in their classification guidelines. Two examiners view a film for theatrical release. In most cases a senior examiner will confirm the examiners' recommendation. However if the examiners are in any doubt, or fail to agree, or if important policy issues are involved, the work may be seen by other members of the board up to and including the chief executive and presidential team. Here is the link to the BBFC website and its 'about us' section. http://www.bbfc.co.uk/about-bbfc
Classification considerations
The BBFC always consider the following contents when classifying films or videos in the UK:
Why is important to have the BBFC?
It is important to have the BBFC because of all the above reasons. It is to stop films automatically being released, which may contain obscene aspects or torture. Also to have all films regulated on a fair scale so that there's no disagreements. To protect children/ young adults under the age of 18 from witnessing upsetting scenes.
BBFC classification guidelines:
Here is the link to the BBFC guidelines:
Pages 15-23 tell you about the classification categories
Pages 27-28 tell you about the intervention of the BBFC
Issues with certification
The film 'Grotesque' was rejected by the BBFC in 2009. The guidelines on rejected works state that 'If a central concept of the work is unacceptable (for example, a sex work with a rape theme); or if intervention in any of the ways noted above is not acceptable to the submitting company;or if the changes required would be extensive or complex; the work may be rejected, ie refused a classification at any category'. Cuts were not considered viable given that there was so much unacceptable material in the film and therefore was rejected.
Juno was originally submitted asking for a PG rating, however the BBFC classified it as a 12A rating in 2008. Juno has an exuberant and ironic tone and is both playful and tender in its treatment of a mature theme. Some criticism of the film had suggested it might advertise teen pregnancy, but the BBFC took the view that the film's treatment of an important theme was 'suitable for young teenagers' as it presented Juno's pregnancy and its effects on her relationships realistically, rather than through rose-tinted glasses.
Winters Bone in America is classed as a R rating, here in the UK the BBFC classed it as a 15. The BBFC decided due to the language and drug use that it would be certified as a 15.
Another film that has been debated is Clover-field. This film is a horror movie that was created in 2008. The film was rated PG-13 in America and the distributor was keen to see the film passed at a 12A. The verdict at this stage was that extended strong threat meant that it would be rated at a 15 and the unremittingly dark tone and ceaseless threat to humans, coupled with a pessimistic conclusion, drove the classification up to this. The film shares its downbeat conclusion and strong, cumulative sense of menace and horror with 'I am legend' , also classified at 15 ( and also rated at a PG-13 in the USA).
What is OFCOM?
Ofcom is the UK communications regulator. They regulate TV, Radio and video on demand sectors. Also, fixed line telecoms, mobiles, postal services, plus the airwaves over which wireless devices operate. Ofcom protect the UK from scams and sharp practices and that they get the best from their communications services. However making sure that competitions still thrive. Ofcom operates under a number of acts of parliament, including the communications act 2003. (Ofcom.org.uk, 2016)
According to Ofcom their main legal duties are:
According to Ofcom this is hat they do not do:
They are not responsible for regulating
Loose women, ITV, Tuesday, 10th May 2016. This certain series had 18 complaints either from public watching it or people on the show.
Lorraine, ITV, Thursday, 12th May 2016. This certain series has 16 complaints either from public watching it or people on the show.
Sunrise, Sky news, Wednesday, 11th May 2016. This series had 12 complaints either from the public watching it or people on the show.
The Eurovision song contest, BBC1, Saturday 14th May 2016. This series has had 13 complaints ether from the people watching it or people on the show.
Unfortunately Ofcom cannot give much more information than this as it could be private information that they would not b allowed to give out to the public.
What is IPSO?
IPSO stands for The 'Independent Press Standards Organisation'. The IPSO is the independent regulator of the newspaper and magazine industry. (Ipso.co.uk, 2016) The IPSO have the highest professional standards of journalism in the UK. They support members of the public in seeking redress where they believe that the Editors' code of practice has been breached. The IPSO consider concerns about editorial content in newspapers and magazines,and about the conduct of journalists. (Ipso.co.uk, 2016)
The IPSO handle complaints from members of the public and conduct their own investigations into editorial standards and compliance. You can find out anything you would like to know at https://www.ipso.co.uk/IPSO/aboutipso.html
The IPSO serves the public by holding publications to account of their actions. They try their hardest to protect individual rights and uphold high standards of professional conducts and they will help maintain freedom of expression for the press.
What is the ASA?
The ASA stands for Advertising Standards Authority. It is the UK's independent regulator of advertising across all media aspects. The ASA apply the advertising codes, which are written by the committees of advertising practice. The ASA's work includes acting on complaints and proactively checking the media to take action against misleading, harmful or offensive advertisements. (Asa.org.uk, 2016)
The purpose of the ASA is to make advertisements responsible and their ambition is to make every UK ad a responsible ad. The ASA's job is important and they are passionate about what they do. This is because good advertisements are responsible for anything they include to the people, society and advertisers. This is how they make every ad a responsible ad:
Here are the five strands of their strategy and what they mean according to the ASA:
1. Understanding- We'll be an authority on advertising and active on issues that cause societal concern. We'll be open to calls for regulatory change, acting purposefully and in a timely fashion, while being fair and balanced in our assessment of the evidence and arguments.
2. Support- We'll provide support to advertisers to help them create responsible ads. We'll increase, improve and better target our advice and training so every business has access to the information and support it needs.
3. Impact- We'll spend more time on matters that make the biggest difference. Focussing on our existing remit, we'll spend less time tackling ads that cause little detriment to consumers or on the vulnerable. But, where a complaint indicates that the rules have been broken, we will always do something.
4. Proactive- We'll be proactive and work with others. We'll use a wide range of information to identify and tackle problems to make sure ads are responsible, even if we haven't officially received a complaint.
5. Awareness- We'll increase awareness of the ASA and CAP. We will make sure that the public, civil society and the industry know who we are and what we can do, so they can engage with us when they need to, and have confidence in our work.
The ASA say that their shared values are to be:
(Asa.org.uk, 2016)
The UK advertising regulatory system is a mixture of
This means that the systems are paid for by the industry. They also write the rules, however these are enforced independently by the ASA. The ASA also run on a contract from Ofcom for radio and TV advertising.
Ipso.co.uk. (2016). About us. [online] Available at: https://www.ipso.co.uk/IPSO/aboutipso.html [Accessed 17 May 2016].
Anderson, T., Anderson, T. and profile, V. (2013). understanding the creative media industry: Regulatory bodies - issues. [online] Toma9696.blogspot.co.uk. Available at: http://toma9696.blogspot.co.uk/2013/02/regulatory-bodies-issues.html [Accessed 18 May 2016].
McQuail, D. (2016). 3. The Main Issues of Regulation. [online] Le.ac.uk. Available at: http://www.le.ac.uk/oerresources/media/ms7501/mod2unit11/page_16.htm [Accessed 18 May 2016].
Asa.org.uk. (2016). Our purpose and strategy - Advertising Standards Authority. [online] Available at: https://www.asa.org.uk/About-ASA/Strategy.aspx [Accessed 17 May 2016].
Ofcom.org.uk. (2016). What is Ofcom?. [online] Available at: http://www.ofcom.org.uk/about/what-is-ofcom/ [Accessed 17 May 2016].
why do we use regulatory bodies?
Regulatory bodies control the mass media and are there to protect the public. They also ensure universal availability to the population, meaning all films are suitable to be shown in cinemas to the age range they have been regulated at. Regulatory bodies conform to certain rules and promote high quality of content provided as far as possible according to locally decided values and standards, with particular reference to information.
What is the BBFC?
The BBFC stands for British board of film classification. It Is an independent, non-government organisation and responsible for the classification and censorship of films and videos in the UK. The BBFC has the power to cut or reject work and was set up in 1912. The BBFC is funded by the film industry. It is responsible for making sure any films or videos are suitable to be shown to the ages that the company has said they want it to be shown too. These certifications include; U, PG, 12, 12A, 15, 18, R18.
Why are films given a certification?
The BBFC give films a classification, in order to protect children from unsuitable and even harmful content in films and videos. They give consumers information they might need about a particular film or video before deciding whether or not to view it. The BBFC examines and age rates films and videos before they are released. This independent scrutiny prior to release ensures the highest possible level of protection and empowerment.
How are film given a certification?
The BBFC watch the films and videos all the way through and award an age rating and BBFC insight to each one. They reach age ratings by applying the standards and criteria contained in their classification guidelines. Two examiners view a film for theatrical release. In most cases a senior examiner will confirm the examiners' recommendation. However if the examiners are in any doubt, or fail to agree, or if important policy issues are involved, the work may be seen by other members of the board up to and including the chief executive and presidential team. Here is the link to the BBFC website and its 'about us' section. http://www.bbfc.co.uk/about-bbfc
Classification considerations
The BBFC always consider the following contents when classifying films or videos in the UK:
- Context of the video
- The theme of the film
- The tone or impact the film or video has on the audience
- Drugs that are being used in either the film or video
- Discrimination towards anything or anyone that may cause harm or offence to viewers
- Imitable behaviour used in the film that could cause harm or offence to viewers
- Language used in the film or video that is not suitable for certain ages
- Any sex scenes that have been included in the film or video that would not be suitable for certain ages
- Any nudity used in the films or videos that are not appropriate
- Threats that are used in the film or videos that can cause harm or offence to viewers
- Violence that is used in the films or videos that could cause harm or offence or even influence any audience members
Why is important to have the BBFC?
It is important to have the BBFC because of all the above reasons. It is to stop films automatically being released, which may contain obscene aspects or torture. Also to have all films regulated on a fair scale so that there's no disagreements. To protect children/ young adults under the age of 18 from witnessing upsetting scenes.
BBFC classification guidelines:
Here is the link to the BBFC guidelines:
Pages 15-23 tell you about the classification categories
Pages 27-28 tell you about the intervention of the BBFC
Issues with certification
The film 'Grotesque' was rejected by the BBFC in 2009. The guidelines on rejected works state that 'If a central concept of the work is unacceptable (for example, a sex work with a rape theme); or if intervention in any of the ways noted above is not acceptable to the submitting company;or if the changes required would be extensive or complex; the work may be rejected, ie refused a classification at any category'. Cuts were not considered viable given that there was so much unacceptable material in the film and therefore was rejected.
Juno was originally submitted asking for a PG rating, however the BBFC classified it as a 12A rating in 2008. Juno has an exuberant and ironic tone and is both playful and tender in its treatment of a mature theme. Some criticism of the film had suggested it might advertise teen pregnancy, but the BBFC took the view that the film's treatment of an important theme was 'suitable for young teenagers' as it presented Juno's pregnancy and its effects on her relationships realistically, rather than through rose-tinted glasses.
Winters Bone in America is classed as a R rating, here in the UK the BBFC classed it as a 15. The BBFC decided due to the language and drug use that it would be certified as a 15.
Another film that has been debated is Clover-field. This film is a horror movie that was created in 2008. The film was rated PG-13 in America and the distributor was keen to see the film passed at a 12A. The verdict at this stage was that extended strong threat meant that it would be rated at a 15 and the unremittingly dark tone and ceaseless threat to humans, coupled with a pessimistic conclusion, drove the classification up to this. The film shares its downbeat conclusion and strong, cumulative sense of menace and horror with 'I am legend' , also classified at 15 ( and also rated at a PG-13 in the USA).
What is OFCOM?
Ofcom is the UK communications regulator. They regulate TV, Radio and video on demand sectors. Also, fixed line telecoms, mobiles, postal services, plus the airwaves over which wireless devices operate. Ofcom protect the UK from scams and sharp practices and that they get the best from their communications services. However making sure that competitions still thrive. Ofcom operates under a number of acts of parliament, including the communications act 2003. (Ofcom.org.uk, 2016)
According to Ofcom their main legal duties are:
- the main electronic communications services
- A wide range of high quality TV and Radio services with appealing tastes and interests.
- People who watch TV or listen to radio are protected from harmful or offensive material.
- People are prevented from being treat unfairly on TV or radio and from their privacy being invaded.
- viewers of video on demand services are protected from harmful content.
- A universal postal service is provided in the UK- This means 6 days a week, universally priced delivery and collection service across the country.
- The radio spectrum is used in the correct way which means, the airwaves used by everyone from taxi firms and boat owners, to mobile-phone companies and broadcasters.
According to Ofcom this is hat they do not do:
They are not responsible for regulating
- disputes between you and your telecoms provider
- premium-rate services, including mobile phone text services and ringtones
- the content of television and radio adverts
- complaints about accuracy in BBC programmes
- The BBC TV licence fee
- Post offices
- Newspapers and magazines
Loose women, ITV, Tuesday, 10th May 2016. This certain series had 18 complaints either from public watching it or people on the show.
Lorraine, ITV, Thursday, 12th May 2016. This certain series has 16 complaints either from public watching it or people on the show.
Sunrise, Sky news, Wednesday, 11th May 2016. This series had 12 complaints either from the public watching it or people on the show.
The Eurovision song contest, BBC1, Saturday 14th May 2016. This series has had 13 complaints ether from the people watching it or people on the show.
Unfortunately Ofcom cannot give much more information than this as it could be private information that they would not b allowed to give out to the public.
What is IPSO?
IPSO stands for The 'Independent Press Standards Organisation'. The IPSO is the independent regulator of the newspaper and magazine industry. (Ipso.co.uk, 2016) The IPSO have the highest professional standards of journalism in the UK. They support members of the public in seeking redress where they believe that the Editors' code of practice has been breached. The IPSO consider concerns about editorial content in newspapers and magazines,and about the conduct of journalists. (Ipso.co.uk, 2016)
The IPSO handle complaints from members of the public and conduct their own investigations into editorial standards and compliance. You can find out anything you would like to know at https://www.ipso.co.uk/IPSO/aboutipso.html
The IPSO serves the public by holding publications to account of their actions. They try their hardest to protect individual rights and uphold high standards of professional conducts and they will help maintain freedom of expression for the press.
What is the ASA?
The ASA stands for Advertising Standards Authority. It is the UK's independent regulator of advertising across all media aspects. The ASA apply the advertising codes, which are written by the committees of advertising practice. The ASA's work includes acting on complaints and proactively checking the media to take action against misleading, harmful or offensive advertisements. (Asa.org.uk, 2016)
The purpose of the ASA is to make advertisements responsible and their ambition is to make every UK ad a responsible ad. The ASA's job is important and they are passionate about what they do. This is because good advertisements are responsible for anything they include to the people, society and advertisers. This is how they make every ad a responsible ad:
Here are the five strands of their strategy and what they mean according to the ASA:
1. Understanding- We'll be an authority on advertising and active on issues that cause societal concern. We'll be open to calls for regulatory change, acting purposefully and in a timely fashion, while being fair and balanced in our assessment of the evidence and arguments.
2. Support- We'll provide support to advertisers to help them create responsible ads. We'll increase, improve and better target our advice and training so every business has access to the information and support it needs.
3. Impact- We'll spend more time on matters that make the biggest difference. Focussing on our existing remit, we'll spend less time tackling ads that cause little detriment to consumers or on the vulnerable. But, where a complaint indicates that the rules have been broken, we will always do something.
4. Proactive- We'll be proactive and work with others. We'll use a wide range of information to identify and tackle problems to make sure ads are responsible, even if we haven't officially received a complaint.
5. Awareness- We'll increase awareness of the ASA and CAP. We will make sure that the public, civil society and the industry know who we are and what we can do, so they can engage with us when they need to, and have confidence in our work.
The ASA say that their shared values are to be:
- consistent and proportionate
- reliable and ethical
- fair and respectful to all
- Accessible and helpful
- intelligent and thorough, but also timely and proportionate
- Open and accountable, acting with integrity and never being afraid to admit when we're wrong
- An excellent team, inspiring excellence in each other
Their external stakeholders will also find us:
- Independent in administrating the advertising codes
- Evidence-based, targeted and consistent
- Reflective of society, not a social engineer.
The UK advertising regulatory system is a mixture of
- self-regulation for non-broadcast advertising
- Co-regulation for broadcast advertising
This means that the systems are paid for by the industry. They also write the rules, however these are enforced independently by the ASA. The ASA also run on a contract from Ofcom for radio and TV advertising.
Issues associated with regulation in media
We would associate the word 'issues' with dispute of conflict. The main issues of primarily public concern (either relating to harm or benefits) According to (McQuail, 2016)
We would associate the word 'issues' with dispute of conflict. The main issues of primarily public concern (either relating to harm or benefits) According to (McQuail, 2016)
- The protection of public order and the security of the state.
- Maintaining respect for the public mores in matters of taste and decency.
- Achieving benefits for the public sphere in terms of information flow, access, diversity and public participation.
- Maintaining cultural standards and supporting the national or regional culture and language.
- Respecting human rights of expression and protection from insult and prejudice.
- Preventing harm to society, especially by way of harm to children and young people from undesirable content.
- Meeting international obligations.
- Protecting and advancing the national economic interest in media and communication industries.
Issues of a more private or individual character:
- Protecting individual rights to reputation, etc.
- Preventing offence to individuals.
- Avoiding harm to individuals from violent or perverted content.
- Protecting property rights in communication and information.
Issues with consumers choice in media:
Consumers choice is giving the customers of your product the right choice in regards of how they purchase and utilise the product. Some people would say that the issues with consumer choice are that people like the BBFC etc determine what the public are allowed to watch. They may disagree with this and think that they should be allowed to watch whatever they want too and should not be told by other people what they can and cannot watch. Consumers choice means the public's choice, however they are not getting to choose themselves, they are being forced and told what to do. I believe that these people are right because some films may be inappropriate for certain age groups and parents would not be happy if children were watching films that weren't appropriate for their ages.
Freedom of information
The freedom of information was a publications act in 2000. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. A number of things are included in this such as, right to seek, impart and receive information. It is important to have freedom of information to:
Basically the publications act for freedom of information provides public access to information held by the publications authorities. The act doesn't give people access to their own personal data, such as their health records and credit reference file. If a member of the public wants to see information that a public authority holds about them, they should make a subject request under the data protection act of 1998. (Ico.org.uk, 2016) However, now the government has confirmed that they are considering amending the Freedom Of Information Act to make it easier for officials to withhold information from the public. A consequence of this is the supreme Court judgement in March that led to this afternoons release of the Prince Charles 'Black Spider Memo's'. According to the BBC News.("Is There Trouble Ahead For Freedom Of Information? - BBC News")
Censorship
Censorship in media is a global phenomenon. Many a times, certain things in the world have been banned for one reason or another and sometimes for no apparent reason. According to Wikipedia censorship is the suppression of of speech, public communication or other information which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, politically incorrect or inconvenient as determined by governments, media outlets, authorities or other groups or institutions. ("Censorship") (GD/PI)
Issues with censorship in media is things get banned that don't need to be therefore cause debates etc in media. Some examples of banned products are things such as when India withdrew copies of indologist 'Wendy Doniger's book 'The Hindus: An Alternative History. This was banned because from the beginning when it was published in 2009, there was a lot of criticism and opposition, especially from the American Hindu community. Despite all this, Wendy spoke out herself explaining that her book comes from her perspective and this does not diminish the fact that Indians are allowed to have their own self-identity. ("Wendy Doniger's Book 'The Hindus' Withdrawn By Penguin India Due To Controversy | Latest News & Updates At Daily News & Analysis") According to these, Hindu American Foundation Co-Founder Aseem Shukla debated various elements from the book with Doniger herself on a Washington Post-sponsored blog. There was a large discussion between the two and Doniger was accused of sexualising and defaming some of the holiest passages in the Hindu scriptures. However, Doniger retaliated by pointing out that her book has sold well in India, a country that is populated by Hindus and also asked her critics to point out exactly where her interpretations of the text were wrong. Information about the book being banned was exaggerated all over the media, on sites such as Facebook and Twitter. ("Wendy Doniger's Book 'The Hindus' Withdrawn By Penguin India Due To Controversy | Latest News & Updates At Daily News & Analysis") (GD/PI)
Our community is very highly influenced by the media. However most if not all of society overlook the fact that media information can be biased and skewed perceptions of events and reports in the News today. A downfall with the media is that they find it extremely hard to sell information about an event as it actually is. They are always exaggerating stories and making things seem worse than they are. This means that us as a community are not finding out information that is entirely true, but we still believe it. The media is very good at manipulating viewers in ways that are unseen. Therefore it makes it hard for thew community to trust and believe everything the media is telling us. The media is driven that much by money, greed and popularity, most outlets of the media are fighting against each other. They are fighting to provide reports and give out information that they believe the audience want to hear rather than what we should here, in other words the truth. (GD/PI)
Consumers choice is giving the customers of your product the right choice in regards of how they purchase and utilise the product. Some people would say that the issues with consumer choice are that people like the BBFC etc determine what the public are allowed to watch. They may disagree with this and think that they should be allowed to watch whatever they want too and should not be told by other people what they can and cannot watch. Consumers choice means the public's choice, however they are not getting to choose themselves, they are being forced and told what to do. I believe that these people are right because some films may be inappropriate for certain age groups and parents would not be happy if children were watching films that weren't appropriate for their ages.
Freedom of information
The freedom of information was a publications act in 2000. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. A number of things are included in this such as, right to seek, impart and receive information. It is important to have freedom of information to:
- Achieve many other rights
- Securing democracy
- Enabling development
Basically the publications act for freedom of information provides public access to information held by the publications authorities. The act doesn't give people access to their own personal data, such as their health records and credit reference file. If a member of the public wants to see information that a public authority holds about them, they should make a subject request under the data protection act of 1998. (Ico.org.uk, 2016) However, now the government has confirmed that they are considering amending the Freedom Of Information Act to make it easier for officials to withhold information from the public. A consequence of this is the supreme Court judgement in March that led to this afternoons release of the Prince Charles 'Black Spider Memo's'. According to the BBC News.("Is There Trouble Ahead For Freedom Of Information? - BBC News")
Censorship
Censorship in media is a global phenomenon. Many a times, certain things in the world have been banned for one reason or another and sometimes for no apparent reason. According to Wikipedia censorship is the suppression of of speech, public communication or other information which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, politically incorrect or inconvenient as determined by governments, media outlets, authorities or other groups or institutions. ("Censorship") (GD/PI)
Issues with censorship in media is things get banned that don't need to be therefore cause debates etc in media. Some examples of banned products are things such as when India withdrew copies of indologist 'Wendy Doniger's book 'The Hindus: An Alternative History. This was banned because from the beginning when it was published in 2009, there was a lot of criticism and opposition, especially from the American Hindu community. Despite all this, Wendy spoke out herself explaining that her book comes from her perspective and this does not diminish the fact that Indians are allowed to have their own self-identity. ("Wendy Doniger's Book 'The Hindus' Withdrawn By Penguin India Due To Controversy | Latest News & Updates At Daily News & Analysis") According to these, Hindu American Foundation Co-Founder Aseem Shukla debated various elements from the book with Doniger herself on a Washington Post-sponsored blog. There was a large discussion between the two and Doniger was accused of sexualising and defaming some of the holiest passages in the Hindu scriptures. However, Doniger retaliated by pointing out that her book has sold well in India, a country that is populated by Hindus and also asked her critics to point out exactly where her interpretations of the text were wrong. Information about the book being banned was exaggerated all over the media, on sites such as Facebook and Twitter. ("Wendy Doniger's Book 'The Hindus' Withdrawn By Penguin India Due To Controversy | Latest News & Updates At Daily News & Analysis") (GD/PI)
Our community is very highly influenced by the media. However most if not all of society overlook the fact that media information can be biased and skewed perceptions of events and reports in the News today. A downfall with the media is that they find it extremely hard to sell information about an event as it actually is. They are always exaggerating stories and making things seem worse than they are. This means that us as a community are not finding out information that is entirely true, but we still believe it. The media is very good at manipulating viewers in ways that are unseen. Therefore it makes it hard for thew community to trust and believe everything the media is telling us. The media is driven that much by money, greed and popularity, most outlets of the media are fighting against each other. They are fighting to provide reports and give out information that they believe the audience want to hear rather than what we should here, in other words the truth. (GD/PI)
Bibliography
Asa.org.uk. (2016). About ASA - Advertising Standards Authority. [online] Available at: https://www.asa.org.uk/About-ASA.aspx [Accessed 17 May 2016].
Asa.org.uk. (2016). About ASA - Advertising Standards Authority. [online] Available at: https://www.asa.org.uk/About-ASA.aspx [Accessed 17 May 2016].
Ipso.co.uk. (2016). About us. [online] Available at: https://www.ipso.co.uk/IPSO/aboutipso.html [Accessed 17 May 2016].
Anderson, T., Anderson, T. and profile, V. (2013). understanding the creative media industry: Regulatory bodies - issues. [online] Toma9696.blogspot.co.uk. Available at: http://toma9696.blogspot.co.uk/2013/02/regulatory-bodies-issues.html [Accessed 18 May 2016].
McQuail, D. (2016). 3. The Main Issues of Regulation. [online] Le.ac.uk. Available at: http://www.le.ac.uk/oerresources/media/ms7501/mod2unit11/page_16.htm [Accessed 18 May 2016].
Asa.org.uk. (2016). Our purpose and strategy - Advertising Standards Authority. [online] Available at: https://www.asa.org.uk/About-ASA/Strategy.aspx [Accessed 17 May 2016].
Ofcom.org.uk. (2016). What is Ofcom?. [online] Available at: http://www.ofcom.org.uk/about/what-is-ofcom/ [Accessed 17 May 2016].
Friday, 26 February 2016
‘Understanding the ethical and legal considerations when working in the creative media sector’
‘Understanding the ethical and legal considerations when working in the creative media sector’
Workers involved in the creative media sector need to understand in detail the laws that are made to protect their work. Media is made to be consumed be people. This could be either to entertain, to inform or to educate. It is important that producers in the industry follow the laws that are provided because people are influenced by what they see and hear in the media. Following the laws stops the producers being sued.
Laws- These are written, approved and enforced by a particular government. If you break a law you could face police investigation court appearance.
Ethics- Ethics are rules of conducts, responsibility (not the law). If you break an ethical code you may be forced to act with ethical disapproval from your peers or professional body.
Legal and Ethical constraints.
Legal constraints.
Legalization that controls the creative media sector-- covered by law. It is something that is restricted because of the law. In everyday life, you are legally constrained from making libelous claims about another individual. However, this depends on what area of the law you are talking about. There are some main legal constraints and these mainly apply to business. http://www.answers.com/article/680054/legal-constraints-definition use this website to help you.
Ethical constraints.
working within accepted norms of society. Ethics are what define the way a person or group acts. They are the moral principles. These are some of the things that TV producers have to be careful with and are effected by: Trust, Liability, Truth, Privacy and Serving the public's interest. (Slideshare.net, 2012)
Privacy law (Human rights law)
The privacy law is a regulation that protects a persons right to be left alone always. This means people are allowed to lead their own lives without public scrutiny. 'The right to privacy' and 'The right to be left alone' (harassment and data protection). Underneath are links to some examples of these which should help you to understand in maybe more detail.
This example is about a Facebook message that broke the privacy law of people using it. This is basically saying that Facebook private messages are now being opened onto the news feed for everyone to see.
Copyright and intellectual property law.
Intellectual property is something that is unique to you if physically created. i.e. an idea is not your intellectual property but the words you write are. Copyright applies to any work that has been recorder in some way. This could even be YouTube video. This could be artistic work, literary or even dramatic work. (Slideshare.net, 2012) Copyright is a type of intellectual law that protects your work. By knowing your rights and having the right type of protection you can stop people stealing or copying:
- the names of your products or brands.
- your inventions.
- the design or look of your products.
- things your write, make or produce.
Example: Amazons 1-click patent. https://www.legalzoom.com/articles/top-5-intellectual-property-disputes
Libel law.
To publish in print something which is not true or may harm that persons reputation and may bring hate or scorn towards them.It must be a statement which claims to be fact and is not clearly identified as an opinion. Libel laws are used to balance the right of free speech. Their aim is to protect the reputation of individuals from unjustified attacks. (Sturcke, 2006). Underneath are some examples.
- Example: http://marketingland.com/uk-court-finds-tweet-libelous-because-of-implied-meaning-46724
- Example: Tweet is found libelous because of implied meaning by UK law.
Why do we have legal acts?
Legal acts are used to keep us safe. They also protect us and the work that we produce. They help a lot with stopping damaging lies from spreading. Additionally they stop obscene acts of behaviour and help to guard the state.
Who do they affect?
Libel laws can affect anyone. For example the public or the government. They are very important as they [protect everyone and the things they produce.
—Official
Secrets Act?
The Official Secrets Act is a term
used in Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom, and
formerly in Canada and New Zealand for legislation that provides for the
protection of state secrets and official information, mainly related to national
security.
—Obscene
Publications Act?
The Obscene Publications Act 1959
(c. 66) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom Parliament that
significantly reformed the law related to obscenity in England and Wales. This act is to stop any content from getting on any media sites etc. which may cause corrupt to anyone or thing. These would be things such as publishing things on the media that are extreme sexual images etc.
Why is it important for producers to understand the ethical considerations when working in the creative sectors?
It is important that producers understand the considerations because they are laws that are made for a reason to protect them and their work. Also if any of these laws are broken they could be fined or investigated by the police. A constraint is a restriction on something. They are made to prevent something else from happening.
Employment Legalization
Employment legalization is a law that protects employers and employees from unhealthy situations and working conditions. All health and safety regulations must be properly assessed.
Social issues and sensitivity
There are a number of areas in social issues and sensitivity. These include; representation in gender, representation of religious beliefs, linguistic usages and accessibility.
Representation of gender
This means, the relationship between genders and the media and how they are represented through mass media such as radio and TV etc. For examples TV adverts are most commonly known for bad gender representation. Take the Iceland advert, they used to talk about 'mums going to Iceland' but nothing about the men or 'fathers'. This advert was basically saying that only the woman do the food shopping, like it was their job and theirs only and that the men did not do that type of thing. However this isn't true in equal cases, men and woman do the food shopping equally in most families. Representation of gender is the way that men and woman thought of due top the mass media. If the media say something bad about woman or men, they influence the public to believe this, which is not fair on neither the woman or men. Other examples of this would be how men are thought of as 'sex objects' in woman's magazines, and are genuinely associated with sports cars etc. The mass media may make men feel like they are wrong and should be like what the media say they are like. It influences audiences to change who they are because they do not feel they are 'right' or 'fit in'. (Wikipedia, 2016)
Media typically stereotype men and woman. For example, the 'typical' characteristics of men are; Strong, tough and brave. Whereas the woman are known as; Fragile, soft and fragrant. We all know that media shapes our conceptions and the way we think about men and woman. Role models are another thing included in gender representation. We encounter different male and female role models everyday when watching or listening to the media.
Feminism has been a recognised social philosophy for more than 40 years. In the media, representation of woman remain worrying. These are some of the things that represent woman across all media;
- Beauty
- Size
- Sexuality
- emotional
- relationships
- Strength
- Power
- Sexual attractiveness
- Physique
- Independence
Representation of religious beliefs
For some reason, it is hard for people to talk about 'media' and 'religion' in the same sentence without bringing into minds the thought of 'terrorism' or any other 'bad' story. For example, the collapse of the world trade centers in 2001. (Sagepublications.com, 2016) The way in which religions are depicted in the media is vital because it influences the way the public think and feel towards other religions. Ultimately this determines how religious groups are treated and perceived. Professionals are often hired to by faith groups to prevent any misunderstandings. The media and religions relationship twenty years ago was a growing topic of interest, however it is now used as a field of study. Religion in the media is commonly exaggerated, making the public believe things that sometimes are not completely true.
Two key developments in religion and media:
Organised religion is found in different types of media such as, spiritual websites or church magazines.
The elements of religion such as belief and deep feeling are experienced throughout the different media sectors. (Stout, 2011)
Recent studies show that the discussion of religious beliefs in the media has increased over the last few years. The main religion that has grown in interest is Islam and all the negatives. Through the media, Islam is known as a 'problem'. Kim knott and her team found that most of the media references including the Islam religion referred to them as extremists, terrorists and radicals in media such as newspapers and TV.
Representation of linguistic usages.
Linguistic usages in media is a study of media speech. This means the way in which people are represented, by the way they speak. This could be meaning either the language they speak or the accent in which they speak in. For example, people from different countries speak in different languages, such as Spanish or French. Whereas accents could be from different places in one country. An example would be that people from Newcastle speak in a different accent than people in Liverpool. However, linguistic usages could also be what you are allowed and are not allowed to say in or on the media. For example, TV programmes that are published before the watershed are not allowed to use offensive words/ swear words. This would be programmes such as children or family TV that is published before 9:30pm. (Kiefer, 2016)
Health and safety act
The health and safety act is a piece of primary legalisation covering health and safety in Great Britain. These could be risk assessments. These are carried out a number of times in plenty of jobs. In the media, this could be included when filming. For example when a producer is filming, they will have to carry out a risk assessment to make sure the peoples health safety isn't at risk. Things such as wires lying around on the floor or low hanging lights etc, would all be health and safety regulations. All cameras and lights etc have to be checked to make sure they aren't going to break/fall etc. The health and safety act was made to reduce any hazards that are going to hurt members of the public. The health and safety executive as well as local authorities are responsible for enforcing the act. He is also responsible for a number of other acts that have been produced in the working environment. These risk assessments could be used in any working environment, especially places such as building sites. (Hse.gov.uk, 2016)
Linguistic usages in media is a study of media speech. This means the way in which people are represented, by the way they speak. This could be meaning either the language they speak or the accent in which they speak in. For example, people from different countries speak in different languages, such as Spanish or French. Whereas accents could be from different places in one country. An example would be that people from Newcastle speak in a different accent than people in Liverpool. However, linguistic usages could also be what you are allowed and are not allowed to say in or on the media. For example, TV programmes that are published before the watershed are not allowed to use offensive words/ swear words. This would be programmes such as children or family TV that is published before 9:30pm. (Kiefer, 2016)
Health and safety act
The health and safety act is a piece of primary legalisation covering health and safety in Great Britain. These could be risk assessments. These are carried out a number of times in plenty of jobs. In the media, this could be included when filming. For example when a producer is filming, they will have to carry out a risk assessment to make sure the peoples health safety isn't at risk. Things such as wires lying around on the floor or low hanging lights etc, would all be health and safety regulations. All cameras and lights etc have to be checked to make sure they aren't going to break/fall etc. The health and safety act was made to reduce any hazards that are going to hurt members of the public. The health and safety executive as well as local authorities are responsible for enforcing the act. He is also responsible for a number of other acts that have been produced in the working environment. These risk assessments could be used in any working environment, especially places such as building sites. (Hse.gov.uk, 2016)
Codes of practice
Codes of practice have a number of categories. workers that fall into one of these categories are known to be making additional contributions to UK film and TV industry and not displacing resident labour force, are exempt from completing the resident labour market test. (Anon, 2016) In media a lot of pre-production work is done, by all companies, this is to make sure that what they are planning to make agrees with the codes of practice, laws and regulations that are in control of that society. Codes of practice include things like; obtaining permission to use copyright material, health and safety considerations that must take place before any production begins and gaining permission from people who you may use in some of your work. Things such as, certain words or phrases you can or cannot use during any of your produced work and any work that may have been made to harm or offence another person. There are loads of codes of practice, many of which are also included in the law and like any other member of the public, if you do not abide by the law or rules, then you suffer with the consequences. (Mr Edwards: Media Studies, 2013)
Bibliography
Anon, (2016). [podcast] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/350320/T25_CoP_workers_film__tv_01-2014.pdf [Accessed 15 Apr. 2016].
Hse.gov.uk. (2016). Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 – legislation explained. [online] Available at: http://www.hse.gov.uk/legislation/hswa.htm [Accessed 15 Apr. 2016].
Kiefer, P. (2016). Media Linguistics. [online] Aila.info. Available at: http://www.aila.info/en/research/list-of-rens/media-linguistics.html [Accessed 15 Apr. 2016].
(Slideshare.net, 2012). (2016). [online] Available at: http://(Slideshare.net, 2012) [Accessed 15 Apr. 2016].
(Sturcke, 2006). (2016). [online] Available at: http://(Sturcke, 2006) [Accessed 15 Apr. 2016].
(Wikipedia, 2016). (2016). [online] Available at: http://(Wikipedia, 2016) [Accessed 15 Apr. 2016].
(Wilson, 2016). (2016). [online] Available at: http://(Wilson, 2016) [Accessed 15 Apr. 2016].
(Sagepublications.com, 2016). (2016). [online] Available at: http://(Sagepublications.com, 2016) [Accessed 15 Apr. 2016].
(Stout, 2011). (2016). [online] Available at: http://(Stout, 2011) [Accessed 15 Apr. 2016].
Stout, D. (2011). Media and religion. New York: Routledge.
Mr Edwards: Media Studies. (2013). Unit 1.18 Codes of Practice and Regulation. [online] Available at: https://mrdedwards.wordpress.com/about/unit-1-9-codes-of-practice-and-regulation/ [Accessed 15 Apr. 2016].
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